LT1360のV/I変換によるシャント・レギュレータ駆動LT1166の位相補償

C3M0280090DによるSiC MOSFETアンプで使用している、

LT1360のV/I変換によるシャント・レギュレータ駆動LT1166の

位相補償についてまとめておきます。

 

まず、ポイントとなる図と説明をLT1166およびLT1360のデータシートから引用します。

 

シャント・レギュレータのドライブ

入力相互コンダクタンス段をドライブせずに、シャン
ト・レギュレータを直接電流ドライブすることができま
す。この方法には速度が向上する利点があり、gm段を
補償する必要がなくなります。ピン2をフロートさせる
と、LT1166を帰還ループの内側に置き、バイアス電流
源を通してドライブすることができます。入力相互コン
ダクタンス段はバイアスされたままで、回路動作に影響
を与えることはありません。図7のRLを使用すれば、入
力信号でオペアンプの電源電流を変調することができま
す。このオペアンプは、電源リードを電流源出力とする
V/Iコンバータとして機能します。負荷抵抗とオペアン
プの正入力は、LT1166の出力に接続され、AV=1V/Vと
するために帰還されます。コンデンサCFはITOPと
IBOTTOM間の不整合による出力VOSをなくし、DCにポー
ルを形成し、1/RFCFにゼロを形成します。MOSFETの位
相がループの安定性を低下させる前に、オペアンプの利
得が-1V/Vとなるようにゼロ周波数を選択します。

Circuit Operation
The LT1360 circuit topology is a true voltage feedback
amplifier that has the slewing behavior of a current feedback
amplifier. The operation of the circuit can be understood
by referring to the simplified schematic. The inputs
are buffered by complementary NPN and PNP emitter
followers which drive a 500W resistor. The input voltage
appears across the resistor generating currents which are
mirrored into the high impedance node. Complementary
followers form an output stage which buffers the gain
node from the load. The bandwidth is set by the input
resistor and the capacitance on the high impedance node.
The slew rate is determined by the current available to
charge the gain node capacitance. This current is the
differential input voltage divided by R1, so the slew rate is
proportional to the input. Highest slew rates are therefore
seen in the lowest gain configurations. For example, a 10V
output step in a gain of 10 has only a 1V input step,
whereas the same output step in unity gain has a 10 times
greater input step. The curve of Slew Rate vs Input Level
illustrates this relationship. The LT1360 is tested for slew
rate in a gain of –2 so higher slew rates can be expected
in gains of 1 and –1, and lower slew rates in higher gain
configurations.
The RC network across the output stage is bootstrapped
when the amplifier is driving a light or moderate load and
has no effect under normal operation. When driving a
capacitive load (or a low value resistive load) the network
is incompletely bootstrapped and adds to the compensation
at the high impedance node. The added capacitance
slows down the amplifier which improves the phase
margin by moving the unity-gain frequency away from the
pole formed by the output impedance and the capacitive
load. The zero created by the RC combination adds phase
to ensure that even for very large load capacitances, the
total phase lag can never exceed 180 degrees (zero phase
margin) and the amplifier remains stable.

LT1166のシャントレギュレータのドライブの説明によると、

コンデンサCFはITOPとIBOTTOM間の不整合による出力VOSをなくし、

DCにポールを形成し、1/RFCFにゼロを形成します。

MOSFETの位相がループの安定性を低下させる前に、

オペアンプの利得が-1V/Vとなるようにゼロ周波数を選択します。

とあるので、

ゼロ周波数で位相補償できることがわかります。

また、DCのポールはCFで決定されるので、

ゼロ周波数はRFで決定することにします。

 

また、LT1360の回路動作の説明によると、

The slew rate is determined by the current available to charge the gain node capacitance.

This current is the differential input voltage divided by R1,

so the slew rate is proportional to the input.

Highest slew rates are therefore seen in the lowest gain configurations.

For example, a 10V output step in a gain of 10 has only a 1V input step,
whereas the same output step in unity gain has a 10 times greater input step.

The curve of Slew Rate vs Input Level illustrates this relationship.

とあるので、

RFを小さくすると、

ゼロ周波数とスルーレートが

それぞれ大きくなることがわかります。

 

LT SPICEによるシミュレーションと試作による確認で、

最終的なLT1360の定数は、

RL=150Ω, Rin=1kΩ, RF=510Ω, CF=3300pFとしました。

緑が位相補償調整後(RF=510Ω),

青が位相補償調整前(RF=3.3K)のLT1360の出力です。

 

位相補償調整後は、

位相余裕=85deg、

ゲイン余裕=9.9dBと十分な値となっています。

 

広告

容量性負荷とスルーレートの関係

Lt1166のデータシートから100Wオーディオパワーアンプの回路図を引用します。

この回路の

ユニティゲインバッファ段:U2(LT1363), U3(Lt1360), U4(LT1166)のM1とM2のゲート容量に対する

出力抵抗(R16,R13=30Ω)とゲート抵抗(R18,R15=100Ω)に関連する記述

(パルスフィデリティをよくするために出力抵抗を伝送路の特性インピーダンスと一致させる)と

電圧増幅段:U1(LT1166)のM1とM2の出力容量と帰還容量に対するゲインとスルーレートの関係に関連する記述

(スルーレートを上げるにはゲインを下げる)を

 

LT136o/L1363のデータシートから引用します。

Capacitive Loading

The LT1360 is stable with any capacitive load.

This is accomplished by sensing the load induced output pole
and adding compensation at the amplifier gain node.

 

As the capacitive load increases,

both the bandwidth and phase margin decrease

so there will be peaking in the frequency domain

and in the transient response

as shown in the typical performance curves.

The photo of the small signal response with 500pF load shows 60% peaking.

The large-signal response with a 10,000pF load shows

the output slew rate being limited to 5V/ms by the short-circuit current.

 

Coaxial cable can be driven directly,

but for best pulse fidelity a resistor of value equal to the characteristic
impedance of the cable (i.e., 75W) should be placed in series with the output.

The other end of the cable should be terminated with the same value resistor to ground.

Circuit Operation

The LT1360 circuit topology is a true voltage feedback amplifier

that has the slewing behavior of a current feedback amplifier.

The operation of the circuit can be understood by referring to the simplified schematic.

The inputs are buffered by complementary NPN and PNP emitter followers

which drive a 500W resistor.

The input voltage appears across the resistor generating currents

which are mirrored into the high impedance node.

Complementary followers form an output stage

which buffers the gain node from the load.

The bandwidth is set by the input resistor and the capacitance

on the high impedance node.

 

The slew rate is determined by the current available to charge the gain node capacitance.

This current is the differential input voltage divided by R1,

so the slew rate is proportional to the input.

Highest slew rates are therefore seen in the lowest gain configurations.

For example, a 10V output step in a gain of 10 has only a 1V input step,
whereas the same output step in unity gain has a 10 times greater input step.

The curve of Slew Rate vs Input Level illustrates this relationship.

The LT1360 is tested for slew rate

in a gain of –2 so higher slew rates can be expected in gains of 1

and –1, and lower slew rates in higher gain configurations.

The RC network across the output stage is bootstrapped
when the amplifier is driving a light or moderate load

and has no effect under normal operation.

When driving a capacitive load (or a low value resistive load)

the network is incompletely bootstrapped

and adds to the compensation at the high impedance node.

The added capacitance slows down the amplifier

which improves the phase margin

by moving the unity-gain frequency away from the pole formed

by the output impedance and the capacitive load.

The zero created by the RC combination adds phase

to ensure that even for very large load capacitances,

the total phase lag can never exceed 180 degrees (zero phase margin)

and the amplifier remains stable.